Toyota Land Cruiser 100 / Amazon, Lexus LX 470

Since 1997 of release

Repair and car operation

Check of a condition and replacement of spark plugs (petrol engines)

If original candles after condition check are established again on the engine, they should be rolled strictly in former cylinders – make corresponding marks.

The tools necessary at replacement of spark plugs

1. The candle head — Is equipped by the special soft loose leaf excluding possibility of casual damage of a porcelain insulator at a reversing of a candle.
2. A Dinamometrichesky key — without being obligatory, provides a reliable guarantee of correctness of effort of a tightening of spark plugs.
3. The ratchet drive — Is applied in the complete set with a candle head and динамометрическим a key.
4. The extension piece — Depending on model and a complete set access to spark plugs can be limited by its auxiliary units in various degree, therefore application of extension pieces of the corresponding form and a design will allow to facilitate procedure performance appreciably.
5. The tool for measurement and updating of interelectrode backlashes of spark plugs — Is issued some this sort of types of tools – make sure that the tool is completed щупом, to backlashes of candles of your car corresponding on the size.

In most cases for replacement of spark plugs presence of a special candle head (with the soft loose leaf inside) complete with a ratchet drive, and also a set of extension pieces of a drive of a key and the tool for check and updating of interelectrode backlashes (see an illustration above) is necessary. For a safe detachment of tips ВВ of wires from shafts of spark plugs the special tool though its application and is not strictly obligatory also is issued. Use динамометрического a key will allow to achieve correct effort of a tightening of candles.

Most correctly constantly to hold in the car the complete set of replaceable spark plugs with correct image the adjusted interelectrode backlash. At purchase of new candles watch that they met on the parametres to requirements of the engine of your car. The necessary information is led in Specifications to the present Chapter, and also on label VECI fixed under a cowl (in case of different interpretations it is necessary to give preference to requirements of the last).

PERFORMANCE ORDER

1. Start a reversing of candles only after full cooling of the engine. Not to waste in vain time, take advantage of a pause for check of a condition of the replaceable complete set. Attentively examine new candles, at revealing of the slightest cracks in an insulator the corresponding candle should be rejected. Measure size of interelectrode backlashes of the new complete set (see further).

2a. The interelectrode backlash of a candle is checked by introduction in it corresponding щупа a measuring instrument and should correspond to the requirements resulted on label VECI (Specifications to the Head an engine Electric equipment see also ). A demanded thickness щуп should with easy resistance slip between lateral and central candle electrodes (address to an accompanying illustration).

2b. Backlash updating can be made by means of the special adaptation which are usually a part of a measuring instrument turn in in appropriate way a lateral electrode of a candle (address to an accompanying illustration).

3. If the lateral electrode appears is located not precisely over central, correct its position by appropriate amount. Make sure of absence of cracks and other damages to a porcelain insulator of a candle. Presence of any sort of defects of an insulator is inadmissible.

Removal

PERFORMANCE ORDER

1. In order to avoid infringement of an order of ignition at connection of coils it is necessary to make service of each of candles in an individual order. Disconnect the coil from a spark plug of the first cylinder, at all do not pull for a wire!

On models with the engine 2UZ-FE with the coils of ignition located over candles, for the purpose of providing of access to candles it is necessary to remove all assemblage (the engine Electric equipment see the Head) from a cover of a head of cylinders.

2. At presence near at hand a source of compressed air, take advantage of it for removal of dust from candle niches of the engine (for this purpose also the usual bicycle pump not is worse will approach).

At use of compressed air do not forget to put on goggles!

3. Turn out a spark plug.
4. Verify the turned out candle with the identification card resulted more low that will allow to estimate the general condition of the engine qualitatively.

Installation

PERFORMANCE ORDER

1a. Before to roll new candles, slightly grease their carving part with antitaking hermetic (address to an accompanying illustration). Manually acquire one of new candles in a corresponding aperture in the engine. Having made sure that the candle is not warped in a carving, tighten it with demanded effort (at presence near at hand динамометрического a key).

1b. For simplification of procedure наживления candles pull on its shaft a piece of a flexible fuel hose (address to an accompanying illustration). The probability of failure of a carving as at the slightest закусывании the hose will start to be turned simply is thus excluded.

2. Vrashchatelno-progress plant the coil on a spark plug shaft.
3. Repeat procedure for the remained spark plugs.

Card of a condition of spark plugs

Candle normal state

Symptoms: Gray-brown colour and easy deterioration of electrodes. The kalilnoe number of candles corresponds to type of the engine and its general condition.
Recommendations: At replacement of candles establish candles of the same type.

Deterioration

Symptoms: the Rounding off of electrodes with a small congestion of adjournment on the working end. Colour normal. Leads to difficulty of start of the engine in cold damp weather and to increase of the expense of fuel.
Recommendations: Change candles on new, the same type.

Coal adjournment

Symptoms: soot Presence specifies in reenrichment of a toplivno-air mix or weak intensity of a spark. Causes ignition admissions, complicates start and leads to instability of work of the engine.
Recommendations: whether Check up the air cleaner is hammered, whether fuel level in поплавковой to the chamber is not too high, whether is jammed air заслонка and whether contacts are not too worn out. Try to use candles with longer insulator that raises resistibility to pollution.

Пеплообразование

Symptoms: Soft brownish colour of adjournment on one or both electrodes of a candle. A source of their formation are applied additives to oil and-or fuel. Excessive accumulation can lead to isolation of electrodes and cause admissions of ignition and astable work of the engine at acceleration.
Recommendations: At fast accumulation of adjournment change маслоотражательные caps that will prevent oil hit in combustion chambers. Try to replace fuel mark.

Замасливание

Symptoms: zamaslivanie candles it is caused by deterioration маслоотражательных caps. Oil gets to the combustion chamber through worn out directing valves or piston rings. Causes ignition admissions, complicates start and leads to instability of work of the engine.
Recommendations: Make a mechanical recovery work and replace candles.

Short circuit of electrodes

Symptoms: the Waste of products of combustion gets to interelectrode space. Firm adjournment accumulate, forming a crosspiece between electrodes. Leads to ignition refusal in the cylinder.
Recommendations: Remove adjournment from interelectrode space.

Overheat

Symptoms: the Porous, white insulator, erosion of electrodes and absence of any adjournment. Leads to reduction of service life of a candle.
Recommendations: whether Check up corresponds to requirements of Specifications калильное number of the established candles, whether the corner of an advancing of ignition is correctly exposed, whether too poor toplivno-air mix moves, whether there are no leaks of vacuum of the inlet pipeline and whether valves are jammed. Check up as level of a cooler and whether the radiator is corked.

Too early ignition

Symptoms: Electrodes are melted off. The insulator has white colour, but can be and is polluted owing to admissions of ignition or hit in chambers of combustion of extraneous particles. Can lead to an engine exit out of operation.
Recommendations: Check up калильное number of the established candles, a corner of an advancing of ignition, quality of a mix (whether it is not too impoverished), whether the system of cooling is corked and whether the greasing system normally functions.

Electrospending luster

Symptoms: the Insulator has yellowish colour and the polished kind. Speaks about sudden rise in temperature in combustion chambers at sharp acceleration. Usual adjournment are thus melted off, taking a form of a varnish covering. Leads to ignition admissions at high speeds of movement.
Recommendations: Replace candles (colder, at preservation of a manner of driving).

Detonation

Symptoms: Insulators can appear chopped off or треснутыми. The inaccurate technics of adjustment of a candle backlash can result In insulator damage also. Can lead to damage of pistons.

Mechanical damages

Symptoms: Can be caused hit of extraneous materials in the chamber of combustion or arise at piston blow about too long candle. Lead to refusal of functioning of the cylinder and to piston damage.
Recommendations: Remove from the engine extraneous particles and-or replace. As service life of candles usually makes 15 000 km, it is enough to clear of them through each 8000 km of run.

Забрызгивание

Symptoms: After admissions of ignition during a long time interval of adjournment can be loosened at preservation of working temperature in the combustion chamber. At high speeds of adjournment in flakes come off the piston and stick to a hot insulator, causing ignition admissions.
Recommendations: Replace candles or smooth out and establish into place the old.